Tugas 6

Tugas 6.

1. Definisi passive voice

PASSIVE VOICE

KALIMAT PASIF

1. Definition (Pengertian)

Kalimat Pasif yaitu kalimat yang ‘subjek-nya’ dikenai pekerjaan. Kalimat ini biasanya kata kerjanya

diartikan “di” atau “ter”.

2. Bagaimana mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif

Contoh :

Aktif : Ahmad cleans the room everyday.

(Ahmad membersihkan ruangan itu setiap hari)

Pasif : The room is cleaned by Ahmad everyday

(Ruangan itu dibersihkan Ahmad setiap hari.

3. Berikan contoh minimal 5 buah.

Contoh:

Aktif (me/ber) 

1. They clean the room everyday.

2. They cleaned the room yesterday.

3. They are cleaning the room now.

4. They have cleaned the room.

5. They will clean the room tomorrow.

6. They must clean the room.

Pasif (di/ter) 

1. The room is cleaned by them everyday.

2. The room was cleaned by them yesterday.

3. The room is being cleaned by them now.

4. The room has been cleaned by them.

5. The room will be cleaned by them tomorrow.

6. The room must be cleaned by them.

http://www.englishindo.com/2011/11/contoh-tenses-active-passive-voice.html

Tugas 5

Contoh kalimat Gerund

Contoh gerund phrases sebagai subject: 

- Your singing is very beautiful.

- Practicing swimming is very useful for everybody.

- Listening to the radio needs seriousness.

- Eating breakfast on time is advisable.

- His coming every day makes me happy.

- Smoking too much is not good for health. 

Contoh gerund phrases sebagai object:

- Thank you for your coming.

- I can enjoy camping in the mountain.

- I don’t like sitting alone.

- We have considered going to Yogyakarta.

- They began attending lecturer.

- I intend doing my homework tonight.

- I begin studying English seriously. 

Contoh gerund phrases sebagai object of preposition:

- I dreamed about having much money.

- I am tired of studying alone.

- She is fond of eating pizza.

- I am interested in making model airplanes.

- We will not be successful without working seriously every time.

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/48088582/Pengertian-Gerund

Tugas 4

Ciri-ciri Gerund 

Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai:
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)

Subject
Gerund sebagai subjek pokok kalimat, contoh:
- Swimming is good service.
- Your singing is very beautiful.
- Studying needs time and patience.
- Playing tennis is fun.
- Reading English is easier than speaking it.

Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului to be yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
- My favorite sport is running.
- My favorite activity is reading.

Direct Object
Gerund sebagai objek langsung dalam kalimat, contoh:
- I enjoy dancing.
- She likes dancing.
- Thank you for your coming.
- I hate arguing.

Object of Preposition
Gerund sebagai objek preposisi yang terletak setelah preposisi. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah of, on, no, with, without, at for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, for, by, in.
Contoh:
- He is tired of gambling.
- I am fond of eating bakso.
- He insisted on seeing her.
- I have no objection to hearing your story.
- You will not be clever without studying.
- They are good at telling funny stories.
- In sleeping I met you in the park.

Appositive
Gerund sebagai aposisi atau penegas dalam kalimat, contoh:
- My hobby, fishing, is interesting.
- I do not like quarrelling, a useless job.
My hobby is fishing dan fishing is interesting diletakkan bersebelahan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai appositive (fishing adalah aposisi dari my hobby), begitu juga contoh kalimat dibawahnya.

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/gerunds.html

Tugas 3

Pengertian Gerund

A Gerund is the form of a verb when it acts as a noun; a gerund (often known as an -ing word) is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing. Itu adalah definisi gerund yang saya temukan pada situs englishlanguageguide.

Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda dan karenanya dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek dan pelengkap (complement) dalam kalimat, juga di belakang sebuah preposisi . Bentuk gerund biasanya disebut verb+ing. Mungkin istilah itulah yang biasa kita kenal selama ini mengenai gerund. Singkatnya, GERUND adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja (verb) + ing.

http://www.tambahwawasan.com/gerund-verb-ing/ 

Tugas VIII

Direct speech  

Present simple

She said, "It's cold."

Present continuous

 She said, "I'm teaching English online."

Present perfect simple

She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."

Present perfect continuous

She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."

Past simple

She said, "I taught online yesterday."

Past continuous

She said, "I was teaching earlier."

Past perfect

She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."

Past perfect continuous

She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."

 Indirect Speech

› Past simple

She said it was cold

› Past continuous

She said she was teaching English online.

› Past perfect simple

She said she had been on the web since 1999.

› Past perfect continuous

She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

› Past perfect

She said she had taught online yesterday.

› Past perfect continuous

She said she had been teaching earlier.

› Past perfect

NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

› Past perfect continuous

NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.htm 

 

Tugas VII

Ubah semua bentuk kata sekarang dalam kalimat langsung ke dalam bentuk kalimat masa lalu dalam kalimat tidak langsung ketika kata kerja utama "kata" adalah dalam bentuk lampau.
contoh:

 
• langsung "membaca dengan hati-hati" katanya kepada saya.

Direct “read carefully” he said to me.
• Tidak Langsung "katanya kepada saya untuk membaca dengan hati-hati.”

Indirect “he told me to read carefully”

Tugas VI

 EXAMPLE INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
He said (that) Ani went to mall every week.

Past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
He said (that) Budi had gone to library every Saturday.

Past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.

He said (that) mother was going to the market every morning

Perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day.

He said (that) father had been going to office everyday.

http://ajiarifea11.blogspot.com/2011/05/contoh-kalimat-direct-and-indirect.html